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Commodities% of westbound
  • Grain & oilseed64%
  • Metals12%
  • Food & feed9%
  • Containers8%
  • Other7%
InsightB3 · cartographic

Danube is the largest single artery (25 Mt/y, mostly grain). Gauge break at the western border adds 1–3 days. Rail capacity capped by transshipment, not track.

Flows · width ∝ tonnage
  • Rail · 21 Mt/y
  • Road · 8 Mt/y
  • Danube · 25 Mt/y
  • Pre-war Black Sea